Voltammetric method for cadmium analysis in wastewater
Keywords:
cadmium; anodic stripping; minimal instrumentation.Abstract
The validation of a stripping voltammetric method for the cadmium quantification in wastewater using the built potentiostat is presented. Stability of current intensity was observed in KCl 1 mol/L and in acetic acid/acetate buffer, setting 10s as the sampling time. At pH 5 and -1300 mV an increasing of the peak current was observed, and the electrodeposition time did not show significative influence. The linear range was 6·10-5 - 5·10-4 mol/L. The detection and quantification limits were 10-5 mol/L and 5·10-5 mol/L. The method presented coefficients of variation for repeatability between 3 and 3, 9% and with statistical homogeneity in different days. The recovery percentage was 102 ± 4,83 %. The associated uncertainty with concentration was 1,3∙10-5 – 1,2∙10-6 mol/L. The quantification of samples of wastewater showed a cadmium concentration of 199 ± 8,9 mg/L, with a variation coefficient of 4,5 %.
References
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2. Slater, S.; Ferrari, A.; Wisniewski, P. “Removal of cadmium from metal processing wastewaters by reverse osmosis”. Journal of Environmental Science and Health – Part A Environmental Science and Engineering. 707-728. ISSN: 1532-4117.
3. Bhadrinarayana, N. S.; Basha, C. A.; Anantharaman, N. “Electrochemical Oxidation of cyanide and simultaneous cathodic removal of cadmium present in the plating rinse water”. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2007, 6417-6424. ISSN: 1520-5045.
4. Marder, L.; Moura, A.; Zoppas, J. “Cadmium electroplating wastewater treatment using a laboratory-scale electrodialysis system”. Separation and Purification Technology. 2004, 37, 247-255. ISSN: 1383-5866.
5. Sarvar, T.; and others. “Quantification and risk assessment of heavy metal build-up in soil–plant system after irrigation with untreated city wastewater in Vehari, Pakistan”. Environ Geochem Health. 2019, 42 (12), 4281-4297. ISSN: 1573-2983.
6. Ayub, S.; and others. “Performance evaluation of agro-based adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from wastewater”. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2019, 142, 293-299. ISSN: 1944-3994.
7. Skoog, D.A.; Holler, F.J.; Crouch, S.R. Principios de Análisis Instrumental. 6ta Edición. Ciudad de México, México: Cengage Learning, 2008. ISBN: 978-607-481-390-6.
8. Yang, F.; and others. “Fast-Scan Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Detection of Pb (II) at Picomolar Level”. Russian Journal of Electrochemistry. 2019, 55(3), 222–228. ISSN: 1608-3342.
9. Baltuano, O.; Hernández, Y.; Montoya, E. Desarrollo de un potenciostato analítico de bajo costo y altas prestaciones. Informe Científico Tecnológico. 2012, 12, 165-169. ISSN: 1684-1662.
10. Vilasó, J.E.; and others. “Construction and Metrological Characterization of a Minimal Instrumentation Micropolarograph”. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta. 2016, 34(5), 309-320. ISSN: 1647-1571.
11. Vilasó, J.E.; and others. “Voltammetric method for the quantification of cadmium using non-commercial electrodes and minimal instrumentation”. Eclética Química Journal. 2019, 44(1), 53-61. ISSN: 1647-1571.
12. Segura, R.; and others. “Preparation of Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Polymeric Meso–Tetrakistetrabromo Thienylporphyrin for Determination of Cadmium and Lead by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2013, 8, 12005-12014. ISSN: 1452-3981.
13. Lurie, J. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry. 2da Edición. Moscú: Mir Publishers, 1978. ISBN: 9780828506540.
14. Vilasó, J.; “and others”. Study of the potential sweeps in the manual staircase voltammetry. Rev. Cubana Quím. 2020, 32(2), 287-298. ISSN 2224-5421.
15. Oficina Nacional de Normalización. Guía para la Validación de Métodos Químicos de Ensayo, NC-TS-368-2010. La Habana, 2010.
16. International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAP, IUPAC, OIMIL. (1995).
17. Silva, N.; “and others”. Simultaneous Monitoring of Toxic Metals on White Poplar (Populus) by SWASV. Journal Brazilian Chemical Society. 2005, 16(6), 1275-1282. ISSN: 1678-4790.
18. Wang, X.; “and others”. Rapid Detection of As (lll) in Coal Gangue with Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Method. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 2019, 358, 1-8. ISSN: 1755-1315.
19. Abollino, O.; “and others”. Stripping voltammetry for field determination of traces of copper in soil extracts and natural waters. Microchemical Journal. 2019, 149, 1-8. ISSN: 0026-265X.
20. Singh, D.; Kumar, N.; Piara, S. Trace determination of cadmium in water using anodic stripping voltammetry at a carbon paste electrode modified with coconut shell powder. Journal of Analitycal Science and Technology. 2014, 5 (19), 1-8. ISSN: 2093-3371.
21. Kokkinos, C.; “and others”. Lithographically fabricated disposable bismuth-film electrodes for the trace determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry. Electrochimica Acta. 2008, 53 (16), 5294-5299. ISSN: 0013-4686.
22. Quispe, J. L. Estudio de niveles de Pb (ll) y Cd (ll) en macroalgas marinas del litoral arequipeño, como propuesta de bioindicador marino. Tesis de Maestría, Escuela de Postgrado, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú, 2016. Disponible en: http://repositorio.concytec.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12390/108. Revisado: 1ro de abril de 2019.
23. Valdivieso, J.; “y otros”. Validación de un método electroanalítico para determinación in situ de cadmio y plomo en agua potable. Revista Cumbres. 2017, 3 (1), 47-53. ISSN: 1390-3365.
24. Romero, H.I.; Chiriboga, J.C.; Siguenza, A.P. Determinación de ultratrazas de cadmio (ll) por técnicas voltamétricas con electrodo de carbón vítreo modificado con película de bismuto. Revista de la Sociedad Química de Perú. 2018, 84(1), 57-67. ISSN: 1810 - 634X.
25. Kounave, S. Voltammetric Techniques. En: Settle, F. (Ed.). Handbook of Instrumental Techniques for Analytical Chemistry. New York, Estados Unidos de América: Prentice Hall, 1997, pp. 709-725. ISBN: 978-0131773387.
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Published
2021-10-26
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Benítez-Fernández, D., Vilasó-Cadre, J. E., Arada-Pérez, M. de los Ángeles, Arce-Castro, J., & Rodríguez-de la Rosa, H. (2021). Voltammetric method for cadmium analysis in wastewater. Revista Cubana De Química, 33(3), 415–436. Retrieved from https://cubanaquimica.uo.edu.cu/index.php/cq/article/view/5194
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