VISCOSITY IN HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN SOLUTIONS: A REVIEW
Keywords:
viscosity; hemoglobin; red blood cells; EPR; NMR.Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hemoglobin (Hb) viscosity is a high-novelty parameter used for the clinical evaluation of
pathologies in which the blood rheology is modified. In this revision work we analyze its values in solutions of Hb with near-intracellular concentration and in red blood cells (RBC) suspensions, as well as the theoretical basis and the experimental methods designed for its determination, to create references to be used in the development of new medical applications and during the use of the already created methodologies. Experimental evaluations, using viscometry (capillary, rotational and “falling body”), paramagnetic electronic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), have been included. The most proper methods to evaluate Hb viscosity are viscometry (6
mPa. s, 37 °C) and nuclear magnetic relaxation (11 mPa. s, 20 °C). EPR and the other NMR-based methods estimate the micro-viscosity (1,5 mPa. s-2,0 mPa. s) and can be corrected to evaluate Hb viscosity.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Néstor J. Rodríguez-de la-Cruz, Claudia C. García-Cruz, Yamirka Alonso-Geli, Yulianela Mengana-Torres, Manuel A. Lores-Guevara
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