Caracterización química del bio-aceite de pirólisis rápida de biomasa
Palabras clave:
Capín de Elefante; paja de caña de azúcar; pirólisis rápida; bio-aceite; cromatografía gaseosa.Resumen
La biomasa de procesos agrícolas es un importante recurso para la pirólisis rápida y su transformación en bio-aceite y productos de alto valor agregado. Para la caracterización físico-química de la biomasa y el bio-aceite, se emplearon varias normas de la Sociedad Americana para Pruebas y Materiales (SAPM). Se obtuvieron muestras representativas de bio-aceite 0,82 t; ácido piroleñoso 0,18 t; gases no condensables 0,25 t; carbón 0,42 t; por pirólisis rápida de la mezcla de Capín de Elefante (Pennisetum purpureum) con paja de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum). Se identificaron por cromatografía gaseosa con detector de masa en dos fracciones del bio-aceite, 93 compuestos orgánicos pertenecientes a los ácidos carboxílicos, fenoles, derivados del furano, éteres de la lignina, una serie homóloga de n-alcanos de alta masa molar y algunos compuestos aromáticos nitrogenados. El poder calórico del bio-aceite es de 20,20 MJ kg-1, facilitando su posible uso como bio-combustible.
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Derechos de autor 2022 Roberto Alfonso Viltres-Rodríguez, Alejandro Alarcón-Zayas
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